Benefits and Selection of Urban Trees

Urban trees provide numerous benefits to our properties and the surrounding landscape and cities. They serve as cooling agents, mitigating the urban heat island effect. Additionally, they offer food and shelter for wildlife, nesting areas for birds, and carbon sinks, absorbing pollutants and contributing to cleaner air. Furthermore, urban forests generate oxygen and contribute to improved mental well-being. Some tree species demonstrate remarkable resilience, adapting to harsh climates and additional stresses. They absorb rainwater, which helps reduce erosion, and urban forests enhance property values and aesthetics.

Selecting, Siting and Planting

To ensure successful tree planting, it is crucial to select the appropriate species for the specific location. Consider factors such as height and spread when making your decision. Proper tree spacing is essential for the tree’s growth and health. Here is extra information for keystone trees in eco-region 5

Planting sites should be designated away from foundations, power lines, and underground utilities. It is imperative to locate a suitable spot before planting. Fall is generally the most favourable season for planting native trees, shrubs, and perennials. During the fall, the soil temperature is warm, while temperatures are cooler, and moisture is more frequent. Additionally, our fall foliage is becoming longer, and the frost is getting later. Early spring is also a suitable time for planting.

Prepare a large pot for the root ball. Ensure that the soil is not compacted and can be amended if necessary. Before planting, make sure the roots are thoroughly wet. Remove any burlap rope or other objects that may be obstructing the root ball. It is crucial that the root flare is positioned at or just above the ground level. The roots in the top 8 to 12 inches of soil provide the majority of structural integrity for the tree. They are responsible for transporting water and nutrients to the rest of the tree.

Young trees may not require staking unless there is a need for correction. To facilitate the establishment of the tree, ensure that it receives apple water, which is typically about 5 to 10 litres per 2.5 centimetres of trunk diameter. Mulch should be used to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. It is important to avoid placing mulch directly in contact with the trunk to prevent moisture retention and rodent issues. Avoid creating large mulch mounds.

Any material placed in the trunk or branches should be reasonable and not contribute to excessive moisture retention. Before planting, remove or loosen any tags or labels that may be attached to the tree. Girdling can occur if objects remain on the trunk or branches for an extended period.

In terms of choosing a tree for your urban lot, consider Oak trees, Maple trees, Hackberry, Basswood, Black cherry, Serviceberry, various willows and Eastern white cedar.

• Eastern White Cedar typically thrives in moist soil conditions, yet it demonstrates remarkable adaptability to diverse growing environments. Notably, their primary application in our region is as a natural windbreak. Furthermore, they provide year-round shelter for wildlife and serve as nesting sites for birds. Additionally, Eastern White Cedar is renowned for its ease of pruning and shaping, enabling customization of its size and height to meet specific requirements.
• Willows thrive in damp to wetter growing environments. Depending on the species, they can be classified as shrubs or medium-sized trees. They serve as a vital food source for over 200 butterfly species and the caterpillars of the Marth live moth. Consequently, they are an ideal candidate for planting in low-season flooded areas. Additionally, they are an early source of nectar for pollinators. Furthermore, willows effectively control erosion along ponds, creeks, and rivers.
• Black cherry can thrive in a diverse range of soil types and most moisture conditions. It boasts captivating flowers that bloom in late spring, attracting numerous pollinators. A diverse array of larvae, numbering between 200 and 250 species, feeds on all the leaves of the black cherry. The fruits of the black cherry are a delightful treat for birds and numerous wildlife species. This tree species demonstrates shade tolerance and is well-suited for interior spaces due to its narrow crown.
• Hackberry is a good choice for urban environments because it is tolerant of harsh urban conditions. Its berries offer food for fruit-eating birds, such as catbirds and thrushes. It has an interesting, quirky bark and is a real eye-catcher. It grows up to 60 feet tall and lives a long life. It is a worthy alternative to native Elms.

Feeding

Generally, fertilization is not necessary unless the soil is severely nutrient-deficient. Most soils in the Ottawa area are loam and clay with loam and are typically have higher nutrient levels. Compost can be added to the planting hole at the time of planting. Ensure that the compost is not hot and capable of burning the roots. Synthetic fertilizer can be applied around the drip line of the tree, but it can be ineffective if not incorporated properly. Runoff can also be a concern with synthetic fertilizers.

Pruning

Pruning can be performed on deciduous trees at planting time, during early spring, late fall, or ideally when the tree is dormant. It is imperative to ensure that your pruning tools are sharp and clean. Pruning serves as a corrective measure and is generally not necessary unless you can anticipate potential future issues. Any dead, damaged, or diseased branches should be removed and disposed of properly. Additionally, any competing branches or those that are rubbing against each other should be pruned out. If you are unsure about performing the pruning task, it is advisable to seek assistance from an arborist.

Sources

Nutraide, Winchester

Ferguson Tree Nursery

Ritchie Feed & Seed.

Solidago Farm.